perlocutionary

The essay is mainly about the utility of language.

本文首先简要介绍了效用的基本概念;随后分析了语言的效用及其特点;最后分析了语言效用的影响因素:信息的相关度,信息的承载量,输入、输出的准确性,语言的质量和特色及信息的新颖性。

Inductive validity, substantive validity, informal validity, pragmatical validity, relevant validity, rhetoric validity and conventional validity have been formed through modification or the restriction for classical validity.

通过对经典有效性标准的限制或修改,形成了归纳有效性、实质有效性、非形式有效性、语用有效性、相干有效性、修辞有效性和惯常有效性等另类的有效性概念。