ZAP vector

The paper analyzes foreign achievements in urban commercial spatial structure studies from the angle of commercial activity main body and commercial activity carrier.

文章从商业活动载体和主体两方面深入分析国外城市商业空间结构研究的历程,回顾国内城市商业结构研究的进程,并进一步指出研究的薄弱之处与发展方向。

The growth rates of the longitudinal instabilities of the symmetric bunches got by this code were compared with those got by the code ZAP, and they were almost the same.

在束团均匀分布这种特例情况下 ,该程序与常用的ZAP程序计算得到的结果基本一致。